Iota-carrageenan for COVID-19: real-time analysis of all 4 studies

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4/27	In Vitro	Varese et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.27.441512 (Preprint) (In Vitro)	in vitro	Iota-carrageenan prevents the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on an in vitro respiratory epithelium model
	In Vitro Calu-3 (human respiratory epithelial cell line) study showing that iota-carrageenan inhibits SARS-CoV-2.
4/27	Details Source PDF In Vitro In Vitro
	Varese et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.27.441512 (Preprint) (In Vitro)
	Iota-carrageenan prevents the replication of SARS-CoV-2 on an in vitro respiratory epithelium model
	In Vitro Calu-3 (human respiratory epithelial cell line) study showing that iota-carrageenan inhibits SARS-CoV-2. Varese et al., 4/27/2021, preprint, 5 authors.
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4/15	PrEP	Figueroa et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.21255409 (Preprint)	symp. case, ↓79.8%, p=0.04	Efficacy of a nasal spray containing Iota-Carrageenan in the prophylaxis of COVID-19 in hospital personnel dedicated to patients care with COVID-19 disease A pragmatic multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (CARR-COV-02)
	Prophylaxis RCT with 394 healthcare workers, 196 treated with iota-carrageenan, showing significantly lower symptomatic cases with treatment. There were no deaths or hospitalizations. There was a significant number of PCR- symptomatic cas..
4/15	Details Source PDF Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis study Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis study
	Figueroa et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.21255409 (Preprint)
	Efficacy of a nasal spray containing Iota-Carrageenan in the prophylaxis of COVID-19 in hospital personnel dedicated to patients care with COVID-19 disease A pragmatic multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (CARR-COV-02)
	Prophylaxis RCT with 394 healthcare workers, 196 treated with iota-carrageenan, showing significantly lower symptomatic cases with treatment. There were no deaths or hospitalizations. There was a significant number of PCR- symptomatic cases (7.6% treatment and 8.6% control). The two treatment cases occurred shortly after randomization - infection may have occurred before the start of treatment. CARR-COV-02. NCT04521322. risk of symptomatic case, 79.8% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.04, treatment 2 of 196 (1.0%), control 10 of 198 (5.1%). Figueroa et al., 4/15/2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Argentina, South America, preprint, 18 authors.
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2/17	In Vitro	Morokutti-Kurz et al., PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237480 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro)	in vitro	Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro
	In Vitro study showing that SARS-CoV-2 is inhibited by iota-carrageenan in a dose dependent manner and to the same extent as other respiratory viruses for which a clinical benefit has been proven. Authors note that clinical data and post ..
2/17	Details Source PDF In Vitro In Vitro
	Morokutti-Kurz et al., PLoS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237480 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro)
	Iota-carrageenan neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and inhibits viral replication in vitro
	In Vitro study showing that SARS-CoV-2 is inhibited by iota-carrageenan in a dose dependent manner and to the same extent as other respiratory viruses for which a clinical benefit has been proven. Authors note that clinical data and post market surveillance data show that iota-carrageenan is well-tolerated with very low reported adverse events. Morokutti-Kurz et al., 2/17/2021, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
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8/21	In Vitro	Bansal et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.08.19.225854 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro)	in vitro	Iota-carrageenan and Xylitol inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture
	In Vitro study showing that iota-carrageenan in concentrations as low as 6 µg/mL (easily achievable with existing nasal sprays) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell cultures.
8/21	Details Source PDF In Vitro In Vitro
	Bansal et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.08.19.225854 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro)
	Iota-carrageenan and Xylitol inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture
	In Vitro study showing that iota-carrageenan in concentrations as low as 6 µg/mL (easily achievable with existing nasal sprays) inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell cultures. Bansal et al., 8/21/2020, peer-reviewed, 7 authors.
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2014	Early	Koenighofer et al., Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1186/2049-6958-9-57 (Peer Reviewed)		Carrageenan nasal spray in virus confirmed common cold: individual patient data analysis of two randomized controlled trials
	Analysis of 2 RCTs concluding that carrageenan nasal spray reduced duration of virus-confirmed common colds, increased viral clearance, and reduced relapses.
2014	Details Source PDF Early treatment study Early treatment study
	Koenighofer et al., Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1186/2049-6958-9-57 (Peer Reviewed)
	Carrageenan nasal spray in virus confirmed common cold: individual patient data analysis of two randomized controlled trials
	Analysis of 2 RCTs concluding that carrageenan nasal spray reduced duration of virus-confirmed common colds, increased viral clearance, and reduced relapses. Koenighofer et al., 1/1/2014, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
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